The Sherlock Holmes stories Essay Example for Free

The operative Holmes stories EssaySir Arthur Conan Doyle is a famous author notably known for his serial publication of Sherlock Holmes detective narratives. He wrote four novels and 56 short stories featuring Holmes and the stories were much loved by the public in the era of which they were written. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Scotland on the 22nd of May 1859. He went to a boarding school at the age of nine and so no longer lived at home. After graduating he left to study medicine in Edinburgh. Doyle ended up working with a doctor called Joseph Bell.Some say he was Doyles biggest influence as he seemed to sh are many characteristics with Doyles most famous fictional character, Sherlock Holmes. Bell was said to be observational, logical and able to diagnose a patient without them stock-still speaking. These characteristics are later evident in Sherlock Holmes thus creating the basis of his character. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is the writer of arguably the most famous ficti onal detective ever, Sherlock Holmes. He wrote his Sherlock Holmes stories in the overnice era. The Victorian audience was fear-stricken and lived in constant terror of crime.Holmes surfaced at a time when crime was commonplace and the corrupted constabulary forces were incapable of protecting the public. An infamous example was Jack the Ripper renowned for mercilessly murdering prostitutes throughout London. To taunt the authorities, anonymous packages were sent containing mutilated body parts of his victims. The Victorian setting is portrayed in the story The Cooper Beeches as letters, telegrams and notes are used to develop the plot. Sherlock Holmes provided solace to the public as he captured the patrol wagon with his talent of solving what were deemed to be the most unsolvable of cases.Sherlock Holmes not only became a hugely popular character in his stories, but he became an inspiration to many Victorians who were forever fearful for their lives. Doyle actually killed off S herlock Holmes to end his antics not once but twice, however both times he did this, he received so many death threats that he was forced to continue writing more adventures for Sherlock Holmes. You can see why Sherlock Holmes was such a success in his day and not just because of the creativity of the stories he was in, but he also acted as a look forward to to the people of the era.However the question still remains as to why Sir Arthur Conan Doyles stories are still popular as ever nowadays? Sir Arthur Conan Doyles Sherlock Holmes stories are still read world-wide because of many factors. Each story is original. Conan Doyle manages to persuade the readers mind into being captivated by all the clues and red herrings and lays down a closed book that makes the reader want to solve it before Sherlock Holmes does. This all adds up to a very exciting and unforgettable series of books.

Salem society Essay Example for Free

Salem society EssaySalem, a small town in Massachu drawts consisted of puritans whose lives were strongly found around religion. They were all afraid of being accused of heresy and were suspicious of other religious sects. Their religious fanaticism ruined naive lives. The story is set in 1692 and starts with all the young girls in the town creeping into the forest one night and dancing and casting spells. Dancing was related to the Devil and so was designated a umbrage. Two of the youngest girls were taken ill the next day. They were Betty, the reverend Parris daughter as described in the introduction i.e. Betty Parris, aged ten, is lying on the bed, inert. , and Ruth, Mrs Putnams only(prenominal) child, described by Parris when he says Your Ruth sick? The girls were spotted dancing and were declared witches. To clear their names and protect their familys reputation which was very important, the girls accused innocent women in the village, of compacting with the Devil and these accusations were believed. All the villagers were expected to conform to a strict code of belief. They were expected to attend Church every Sunday and if they didnt it was considered a crime against God.For example, Hale says to John Proctor In the book of record that Mr Parris keeps, I note that you are rarely in the Church on Sabbath Day. This illustrates that records of Church attending were kept and scrutinised. The villagers were also expected to know the Ten Commandments from memory. Hale asks Elizabeth Proctor Do you know your Commandments, Elizabeth? People believed in these laws so strongly that they were very unstrained to believe the girls stories which provides some insight into the society of Salem. People were not allowed to have different beliefs. The villagers belief in the Devil was as strong as it was in God.Parris talked about the Devil and sins in Church far more frequently than he spoke about God. Proctor says to Parris There are many others who impe diment away from Church these days because you hardly ever mention God anymore. But John Proctor did not like Parris his opinion of Parris was low so this statement may not be completely true and biased. Parris was supposed to be a leader in the town but someone leave a dagger stuck in his door Tonight, when I open my door to leave my housea dagger clattered to the ground There is danger for me. People were getting misled so much that he was not always believed.

Camus: The Stranger And Existentialism

Camus The Stranger And existentialist philosophyExistentialism is drop offdom and choice. It is impossible to define existentialism. We can witness approximately aspects of existentialism in The Stranger. Existentialists want to direct our attention to our individuality. They force us to think more or less the existence and nature of God, being a Christian, our values, and our expiration. Only creation defines itself through the act of living. First you exist, and then the individual emerges as life decisions are make. Existentialists also believe the greatest achievement of an individual is to realize the ridiculousness of life and to accept it. The concepts of existentialism are simple, mankind has free will, and life is a series of choices, which rarely without any consequences. Some things are irrational or absurd, without explanation. If one makes a decision, he or she must follow through. The decisions you make are whom you are, so choose wisely. There are several existe ntial themes displayed in The Stranger. One of the themes is freedom. It means that whatever happened prior to now do not influence what your next choice in life will be, we are free to make any choice we want. He displays freedom by treating his Mamans goal nothing out of the ordinary, also by not showing any emotion. He shows us free will by not being influenced of his mother dying effect on what he wants to do. The other themes are existence, the awake(predicate)ness of our choices, and passion, our feelings that we view before we think. Meursault wants to live his life to in the moment he is not concerned with the future. Meursault wants the remembrance of his life. Through this thinking Meursault displays Existence and Passion. The following theme is uncertainty. It elementalally says that life is unpredictable, and unexpected. He shows us exactly how unpredictable life can be. One minute Meursault is just so happy and content with the sun showy on him, when suddenly some thing unexpected happens and his happiness is gone. I knew that I had shattered the harmony of the day, the exceptional silence of a beach where Id been happy. There is also a theme of individuality. All individuals are a unique member of a night club. Meursault lives out his individuality when he wants a crowd of people to witness his death, and acknowledge him with cries of hatred. This way he retains his individuality. Begging for forgiveness would just make him a member of society. He also displays reflection, by turning our unawareness into awareness. Meursault leads a pre-reflective life. His effortless events are so absorbed in each moment, which he never reflects on. While in prison he sees a reflection of himself, this is when he becomes aware of what he was unaware of. The overall theme though is absurd. The absurd beliefs are that life is meaningless and without purpose. This meaninglessness implies absence of any obvious meaning to our life. flush toilet this be expl ained? No, no one can explain someone elses sense of meaning or meaninglessness towards life. Meursault who is sentenced to death after killing an Arab emphasizes the difference between the morals of society and his lack of them, refusing to align to societys standards earns him the death sentence. In the end he faintly displays responsibility. Nearing his execution he symbolically shows emotion, as he comes vista to face with nothingness and the impossibility of defending his immoral choices. Meursault is an outcast in society therefore he cannot relate to others because he does not live as they do. He cannot abide by the same morals because he does not grasp them he is apathetic to events occurring around him. His entire being is unemotional. This distinguishes him from society, whose strict guidelines pore on right and wrong. Meursault has the capability to break down the situation, but not conforming to it as society expects him to. Life, death, the in between, is irrelevant. Meursault sees the outcome as inevitable. He cannot embrace any right or wrong in killing the Arab. The killing itself was not out of hatred for the man, he reveals at the trial, because of the sun. The sun at the beach, connatural to the sun at his mothers funeral, was beating down on him. The sun represents Meursault emotions. The intense heat and the sun are overwhelming his senses, which he cannot deal with so ends the situation. The death of the Arab in itself doesnt seal his fate. His destruction comes from his lack of emotion. Meursault has come to conclusion he must create his own meaning in life. That there is no basic meaning in life its entirely based on living itself. Until this conclusion, hes a outlander to himself as well as to others. Society believes this is unacceptable, and by refusing to conform he must pay the price.Conforming to society norms doesnt allow the individual to reach his own decisions however, it was impossible to restrict oneself from all. The character expresses no feeling about anything. Once in a while he shows a bit of heart, but for the most part, he gives a robotic appearance. Camus conveys his existentialistic philosophy with the death of Mersaults mother. He is more(prenominal) concerned about the time of death, and not the fact that he just lost a loved one. The lack of compassion at his mothers funeral is not what society expects of him. This labels him as insensitive, or that he did not love his mother. As an existentialist, he accepts life as it is. An example of existentialism is the murder of the Arab. The absurdity of the murder is what makes it a good portrayal of the concept of existentialism. This shows how Mersault is not only a stranger to his experiences in life, but also to nature. The sun and his sensual pleasures act against him, which cause him to fall back control. Mersaults actions lack true conscious motives. He consciously makes the decision to take a life due to the physical discomfort of h is surroundings. To him, its simple he attached murder, time to face the consequences.There are numerous meanings to the title, The Stranger, one is that if you live a life different than what society accepts, then you are a stranger an outcast, and will be punished by the rest of society. His trial proved this to be true. It was all about the way he acted and how different he was. This was utilize to prove that people who are different are judged by their character over their actions. Society refuses to understand him and to know him, therefore he is a stranger. beingness a stranger to himself makes him a stranger to life. In the end he gets the meaning of life. He was able to do so because he was approaching death, death is the only certainty of life. We are responsible for the choices we make there is no predetermination or higher power which decides morality. After memorialiseing The Stranger made me look at my life. Some of Meursaults behavior I didnt agree with, but the fur ther I get wind I understand the reasons for his actions. When I started reading the password for the first time I was quite confused and bored, I had to re-read it to understand it better which gave me a different message each time.Meursault was an interesting character to read about. His ideas and beliefs seem wrong but also right. I was able to understand what Camus conveyed with his philosophy. In fact, I have never heard of existentialism until I read this book. Meursault is able to accept the fact that everyone dies and realizing this allows you to live a better life. He controls his own life and actions. I cant say that I understand everything about him. Nonetheless, this character had the most interesting conflicts that kept me reading. The first half of the book was filled with action and there were no direct reasons given for certain actions. In the second half, it is mainly of his self-realization about society and life. I would recommend this book to anyone who enjoys thinking after reading a book.Work CitedAndrew Irvine, Basic Themes of existentialism, http//people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme20.htmCrowell, Steven, Existentialism, The Stanford encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http//plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2010/entries/existentialism/Existentialism Philosophy Discussion of Existentialist Quotes, Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camushttp//www.spaceandmotion.com/Philosophy-Existentialism.htm/New World Encyclopedia, Existentialism http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Existentialism/Solomon, Robert C. Wyatt, C. S. (1999). Existentialists a primer to existentialismhttp//www.tameri.com/csw/exist/exist.html

Building Social Capital and Expanding Networks

Building favorable crownwork and Expanding Ne dickensrksIn 2005 MySpace was the most popular website on the internet, however much than Google. Samy Kamkar, a 19 old age old computer enthusiast in attempt to find an exploit on the friendly website inserted some enactment to allow him to be added as a friend if some genius visited his profile reputation, further much(prenominal) the code would replicate on the visitors account and those visiting the infected account would as well as add him as a friend. In just nine hours Samy r severallyed 480 accounts. In thirteen hours he was up to 8800. And in just over 18 hours he had spread to about a million accounts, which was almost 1/30 of the total accounts on MySpace at the time. In an attempt to get absolve of the worm he deleted his account. However, when he successfully deleted his profile the whole MySpace went down too. Samy was convicted of computer hacking and ordered to not touch the internet for the next following car dinal years.What this veridically tells us is just how machine-accessible we all atomic number 18.This ideal was well enduren even before MySpace was conceptualized. In 1929 the Hungarian writer Frigyes Karinthy wrote a reputation called Chains. In Chains angiotensin converting enzyme of the characters challenges an other character to find on Earth a person who he cannot connect with in less(prenominal) than cardinal intermediaries. This is where the half a dozen dots of separation originated from.The theory states that we ar as machine-accessible to Donald Trump as much as we argon to the fishmonger on the southern Japanese coast. This means that cream up two hit-or-miss mint on the globe they be linked to each other in just six steps.In 1960 a Harvard psychologist, Stanley Milgram, tested an experiment called the small world experiment, named after the phenomenon that happens at parties when you act some bingle you dont know solely sh be a consort in common and s ay it is such(prenominal) a small world. Stanley Milgram examined the second-rate length mingled with American citizens. What he did was sending three hundred packages to pack in Boston and Nebraska with the goal to reach a common target person in Boston, but they were not allowed to send the package instanter to him but through an intermediate who mogul know him or forward it to a further person that had a come apart chance to know him and impart the same way. Of the three hundred packages sent, only 64 made it and the average path was 5.2 steps. And that was all the experimental confirmation the six degrees of separation had at the time. fewer years before Milgrams work, mathematician Paul Erdos experimented the same principle over similar networks and found out that when the number of links per node is small, the network is fragmented, however when exceeded one connection per node, the behaviour of the network changes and form a giant cluster where all the nodes seem kinke d to each other. This cluster is what we might define as a small world network.While these tests prove the Trump-Japanese fishmonger thesis stated above, on the counterpart true brotherly networks work slightly antithetical.In 1994 Brian tump over and two colleagues at Albright College in Reading, Pennsylvania created a game called Six Degrees of Kavin Bacon, the game, inspired by Karynthys theory, it consists in naming a celebrity and find a movie path to Bacon in as few steps as possible. Brian and his fellows came to conclusion that Kevin Bacon was the true centre of the movie universe. The movie network consists of actors who are machine-accessible by virtue of having acted together in one or more than feature films. We are not just talking about Hollywood, but whatever movie made anywhere, anytime at all. According tothe Internet Movie Database (IMDB), between the years 1898 and 2000, roughly half a million large number run through acted in over two hundred thousand fea ture films. If you digest acted in a movie with Kevin Bacon, you film a Bacon number of one (Bacon himself has bacon number of zero). Since Kevin Bacon has acted in quite a upsurge of movies and at last count had acted with 1550 mess, it follows that 1550 actors occupy a Bacon number of one. This might sound a push-down stack, and certain(a)ly Bacon has acted with many more people than the average, but it is still less than 1 percent of the total population of movie actors. Moving outward from Bacon, if you havent ever acted with him, but you have acted with mortal else who has, then you have a Bacon number of two. For example, Marilyn Monroe was in Niagara (1953) with George Ives, and George Ives was in Stir of Echoes (1999) with Kevin Bacon, so Marilyn has a Bacon number of two. In general, the object of the game is to determine an actors Bacon degree by figuring out his shortest to the great man. The small steps linking every actor to the next resembles a small world netw ork, but unlike stochastic network real affable networks show a certain level of clustering in some points.The key theatrical role in real well-disposed networks is not only to have a high degree of clustering that means that friends of mine have other friends that are friends to each other, but in any case to have some few random acquaintances in order to reach distant other companionable networks.In 1970, a researcher named Granovetter published a paper called The Strength of Weak Ties where he stated that you as an various(prenominal) are more apt(predicate) to get a job through those random acquaintances than your close friends. In fact close groups of individuals are very likely to know the same people and share the same information, but are the random acquaintances that allow you to reach new jobs, places and be exposed to the outside world.Since the advent of social networks the rate of six degrees of separation have significantly dropped in between four and five step s. In 2011 Facebook stated that 92% of their users were connected through just 5 steps and at the present trend it is very likely to drop even further in the following years. Thus, it is clear how the creakyer the tie the get out opportunities we have access to.Lets explain this with a clear example me, Simone, as an Italian immigrant, I moved to the United Kingdom as an undergraduate student and I knew only one person, so my social network was two including myself, I was trying to find a job and I could find any, so one of my housemates told me his older sister is a supervisor into the local Hilton hotel and she might be able to give me a part time job as a waiter, I started working in hospitality and this gave me a lot of exposure and access to a lot wealthy people, including very successful individuals. I kept on studying Film editing and working in hospitality while deciding what to do with my feel and along came this man on his 30s talking about while he was rubing in Cardi ff overnight, apparently he had some work to do at BBC Wales, I shared a couple of thoughts and told him I was invadeed in getting an entry repose in post production so he asked me for my contact details. About a month later I received a call from a polar person at BBC Wales where I was asked if I would be interested to attend a two weeks work placement at the Film Editing department.YOUTUBE pic LAWHence, new information came into my network that was not previously at that place, this opportunity ended up being much more fulfilling than what I had in mind originally. So, if I had not built this network of ties that opportunity would have never been presented to me, if I was not allow foring to go out my comfort zone and pursued interest in those people that had something for me I would perhaps gave up and never started postgraduate studies at the Bournemouth University.This path of ties is defined as Social Capital.Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1983) defined Social Capital asTh e aggregate of the actual or probable resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of common acquaintance and recognition.He explains that much like money, the more friends, acquaintances and professional ties one has, the more knowledge one has, the more likely one is to be successful in a specific pursuit.What is more crucial during university is building weak ties, interpersonal ties, each relation we tie with someone is different. Granovetter (1973) explains that in that respect mainly three kinds of ties weak, strong and absent. The strength of each can be correlated to an amount of time one spends with another, the emotional intensity of that tie, the level of secretiveness involved, and the level reciprocity. Ideally, weak ties are low-time, low emotion, low-intimacy, high reciprocity ties formed for the purpose of transmitting information.What we want to achieve is to build weak ties that allow us to bring brand new information and social capital inside our network. Weak ties are not only used to accumulate social capital, but also help us reduce our dependency from primary groups e.g. family, weak ties are Large- descale groups that give us social capital to inject anchor into our primary groups.A way to build social capital through weak ties is using Online Social net incomes (OSN) are what help us build weak ties and they are defined as purposeful online outreach programs with the aim of creating weak ties to bring new information (Social Capital) to an individual or primary group.BOOK LIBRARY FIRSTSocial Capitalfeatures of social life networks, norms, and trust that enables participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared objectivesSocial capital, in short, refers to social connections and the attendant norms and trust.Putnam, 1995, pp. 664-5There is often discombobulation about what social capital is. At first glance has something to do with community. Civil s ociety and the social theoretical account its about how people are connected with one another. P. 1Up today, it is not clear what should be counted as social capital and what should be excluded from the concept. Societies are not composed of isolated individuals. large number are connected with one another through intermediate social structures webs of association and shared understandings of how to behave. This social fabric greatly affects with whom, and how, we interact and co-operate. It is this everyday fabric of connection and tacit co-operation that the concept of social capital is intended to capture.Social capital is the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintances and recognition. Acknowledging that capital can take a build of forms is indispensable to explain the structure and dynamics of differentiated societies. (Bord ieu and Wacquant, 1992, p. 119)A number of critics have argued for a clearer distinction between the subcomponents of social capital. Putnam framed the concept in terms of its public goods aspects, explicitly including reference to the facilitation of co-operation. Social capital is composed of forms that have three basic components network, norms, values and expectancies that are shared by group members and sanctions.These three components should be recognizable in almost any form of social association. They can be compared to one of the most familiar and omnipresent forms of social capital the traditional, locally embedded community, or neighbourhood. The first component is the social network. These relationships whitethorn vary from simple recognition to deep friendships. The second component is the social norms. These are the rules, values and expectancies that characterize the community members. Living in a neighbourhood, and our relationships with our neighbours, are charact erized by certain rules or social norms. Many of these rules are unwritten. Some of these norms have a behavioural component and others may be more affective in nature. In the modern neighbourhood, these norms might include dowry our neighbours where possible being courteous and considerate and feeling positive and supportive towards our neighbourhood. These norms may also include more specific habits of reciprocity. The third component is sanctions. Sanctions are not just formal such as punishment for presenting the law. Most are very informal, but nonetheless effective in maintaining social norms (Luzzati, 2000). Neighbourhood living is associated with certain kinds of association on good and bad behaviour. These often appear very mild in form but are still very effective. Neighbours find ways of communicating their disapproval of acts that violate the unwritten codes of the neighbourhood. The sanction may be though someone being told directly, such as through a disapprovance glance, an angry exchange of words or even the threat of action. More commonly, however, the sanction is indirect and subtle, such as though gossip and reputation. The sanction can also be positive, such as praise for a helpful act.Recent theoretical work has sought to break the notion of social capital down into different sub-types. Perhaps the most important of this distinction is between bonding and bridging social capital. In terms of networking homer Granovetter made a distinction between weak and strong ties (M.S. Granovetter, 1973, 1985). Weak ties, he noted, such as with acquaintances and various contacts, were extremely useful to people in terms of getting information, opportunities and jobs. Strong ties, such as with family and close friends, provided a more intense, multi-stranded form of support, and as such might be expected to get together a greater role in emotional well-being. In short different forms of social network, characterized by different forms of personal ties, seem to have different advantages and benefits.NETWORK STRUCTURE, JENGOLBECK it is really important to think about the considerations that have to take into account when considering a network. Networks consist of nodes and edges. If we consider Facebook network, the nodes represent the friends and the edges the friendships on Facebook. However, in real life we need to be very clear about what the edges are. Do the edges indicate social relationships between the people? Do they connect people to the classes? Is it both? Going back to the Facebook example, nodes represent people, however edges might represent not only friendship, which is absolutely fine, but an edge can connect two people who like the same music band or who went to same college. To the same extent, a LinkedIn network might reveal a different network of people according to the company they work for or people who have a similar level of expertise or certification to use professional software.So if you consider a network base on friendship, what does it mean to have a high between this? In that case it means that the person contains a lot of information and really stands between different groups of people. While a high degree centrality can represent people who have a lot of connections.So, lets consider building a network of the MAPPE framework at Bournemouth University. Step one is going to be to define the nodes. What are they and what are the criteria for being included. Which people get included as nodes? Is it just the students? Is it teachers? Is it janitors, or the librarians? Generally youll want some mix, possibly between having just students and having all the teachers. If we only include students go forth lose a lot of tangential people who actually do contribute. Once defines who the nodes are the next stop is to define the edges. What does an edge represent and what is the criteria for adding one, so if we continue with the same example of the MAPPE framework, we might want t o add an edge if two people know each other but what if they only know one of another? So, what if the two students are in two different courses of the framework and they never interact with each other and they never actually meet but they do know that each other exist? Their relationship could still be important.I had been living between Wales and England for just five years and was beginning to feel like I had a new home with new friends, but still felt closely connected to my old ones. It occurred to me, however, that if you asked the average College student how close he or she felt to a random person in the United Kingdom, the answer would probably be not very. afterward all, most of my friends in Italy had never met another British before, and few of my British friends knew any Italian. The two countries are on virtually distant, and despite a certain cultural similarity and a good deal of mutual fascination, are viewed by most of their inhabitants as being almost impossibly d istant, even exotic. Nevertheless, at least some small group of Italians and some small group of British actually were very close to each other, although they might not have known it, by virtue if a single common friend-me.A similar state of affairs applied on a smaller scale between my different groups of friends at University of Bournemouth. I belong to the Department of Media and communication, which is a average size graduate department in which there are more foreign students than British. I spent an awful lot of time in this department and got to know the other graduate students pretty well. But I also worked as supervisor in a local Italian restaurant and the Hilton Hotel in Cardiff, and most of the friends from Cardiff were fellow media students in various related disciplines. Finally, I had lived in students houses and had made some good friends there. My classmates know each other, my housemates know each other, and my restaurant colleagues know each other. But the differe nt groups were all quite, well, different, without me to come and visit, my housemates, for example, would have precious little reason ever to have a meal into my restaurant.That two people can share a mutual friend whom each regard as close, but still perceive each other as being far away is a facet of social life at once commonplace and also quite mysterious. However, it is enough saying that we dont just have friends, rather we have group of friends, each of which is defined by the particular set of circumstances that led to our getting acquainted. Within each group there will tend to be a high closeness of interpersonal ties, but ties between different groups will typically be sparse.The groups, however, are connected by virtue of individuals who belong to more than one group. In time, these overlaps between groups may grow stronger, and the boundaries between them blur, as people from one group start to interact with people from another via the intermediation of a mutual frien d. Over the years I spent at University of South Wales, my different groups of friends eventually met each other and occasionally became friends themselves. Even some of my Italian friends came to visit, and although they didnt stay long enough to form any lasting relationships, the boundary between the two countries is now, in some small way, less distinct than it was.According to Duncan J. Watts (2003) there are four major factors to consider when examining networks First, social networks consist of many small overlapping groups that are densely internally connected and that overlap by virtue of individuals having multiple affiliations. Second, social networks are not static objects. New relationships are continually being forged and old ones abandoned. Third, not all potential relationships are equally likely. Those who I meet tomorrow depend by those who I know today. Finally, we occasionally do things that derive from our instinct, personal preferences, characteristics, and suc h actions may lead us to meet new individuals which we have no connection with. My decision to move to the United Kingdom was driven solely by my confide to go to graduate school, and I didnt know a soul when I got there, nor did anyone else that I knew.In other words, we do what we do in part because of the position we occupy in our surrounding social structure and in part because of our innate preferences and characteristics. In sociology, these two factors are called structure and agency, and the evolution of a social network is driven by a trade-off between the two. Because agency is the part of an individuals decision making extremity that is not constrained by his or her structural position, actions derived from agency appear as random events to the rest of the world. Of course, decisions like moving to another country or going to graduate school are derived from a complicated mixture of personal history and psychology and so are not random at all. Once these apparently rand om affiliations have been made, however structure reenters the picture and the newly created overlaps become the bridges over which other individuals can cross and form additional affiliations of their own. The dynamic evolution of relationships in a social network, therefore, is driven by a balance of conflicting forces. On the one hand, individuals make what seems like random decisions to launch themselves into new social orbits. And on the other, they are constrained and enabled by their current friendships to reinforce the group structure that already exists. Check 73 for finaleThe use of Social Network Sites for the Employment Seeking Process Tom Sander Phoey Lee TehThe Internet increases network density and constantly provide new opportunities for the individual. The job want process is heavily influenced by it. Companies and applicants can access information and resources instantaneously. The impact of Social Network platforms on the employment examineing individuals and th e social emailprotectedWhile the importance of networking when seeking for employment has been widely explored in many articles (Granovetter) Social networks are arising new conditions for the society. Social Networks are increasingly becoming important in job hunting. A group of at least three individuals connected to each other with a tie is considered a social network. Social Networks over the Internet have a similar structure, the exchange of resources is web based, the size and speed of information is much faster than traditional networks.Each social individual lives in social networks. Social networks can be split in three categories the ones within the individual participate and contribute those which existence is known to the individual finally those which the individual is unaware of. The first two are considered the most relevant individual as provide suitable positions and influence the daily life of the individual. (Olugin Olguin at al. 2009).Those who seek employment ga in valuable information from social networks, and while the support of social networks has been studied by many scholars the capital coming from web based social networks needs further investigation.Social networks connect individuals to each other and enable collective actions and the sharing of information and resources. The members of a network are connected through relationships of various kind this connections represent the mechanism which keeps the network connected and functional. Each connection can be more or less important to the individual. P.100THE NETWORK STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL CAPITALNetworks can be considered as a market where the individual can exchange, access, and share a great variety of goods and resources in pursuit of his/her interest. Certain individuals or groups of people receive higher(prenominal) returns in quicker period of time some have higher positions and other lowers, and some reach their goals quicker than other. Human capital, as described by , refers that the people who do better are those who are more capable and good than the others. Social capital is the contextual complement of human capital. The social capital says that those who do better are those who are more connected. Some people or groups are connected to others, sharing trust, supporting each other interests or being dependent on exchange to others. Being involved in one of relations is an advantage that goes under the name of Social Capital. BORDIEU, COLEMAN DEFINITIONIL LAVORO DEL RUNNERAs a former runner and assistant I mustiness admit the life of a runner is no easy task and definitely not the most glorious in the film industry, but it is an requisite step towards bigger and farer achievements. Essentially, a runner provides vital assistance to a senior figure in a company. The word runner is not affinity that refers to the mansion to make sure everything runs smoothly.For many, working as a runner is the most valuable experience to get a foot in the verge of TV or Film industry. Typically it is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, from carry people and equipment around to serve coffees or picking up lunch for the entire crew. However what is most valuable about being a runner is networking. While performing the tasks you are assigned you are exposed to many professional figures and building relations to those individuals is much more worth it than anything you may learn during your time as a runner. Linking with higher positions may be the necessary step to move forward in career and move from runner to assistant. Being nice, willing and having a good attitude it is a better business card than your name and phone number on a piece of paper. You never know when an assistant vacancy will be open andAs Rees (1966) and Granovetter (1974) suggest, several job opportunities are accessible through social networks, for instance contacting friends, relatives or personal contacts. Because seeking employment can be costly in terms of r esources and time, job searcher beetles who access their social network tend to receive better and faster information compared to those who rely on more formal strategies such as job ads or private employment services. According to Granovetter (1974, 1995) better information travel through social networks and provide better options and positive effects such as increased wages or greater job satisfaction.According to Montgomery (1992) we derive that not only obtaining a job via networks, but also just engaging in search through networks can lead to higher wages and cost effectiveness in job search.Granovetters model assumes that social networks provide more job offers than formal job search methods. Furthermore Montgomery (1992) points out that if a job seeker received a job offer from formal methods, this does not exclude the chance to receive additional job offers from social networks that could offer a higher wage.In addition to Montgomerys study, Franzen and Hangartner (2006) as sume the existence of what they call job adequacy distribution according which those who seek employment through social networks are more likely to access satisfying position as network contacts have better information on specific job characteristics as well as better information on the preferences of the job seeker.Considering the population of graduates, in addition to the obvious characteristic of having low level of human capital, this group contains or will in the near future a very confine number of employed people. This situation presents a disadvantage because of lack of employed individuals which represent a major source of information in employment seek (Jackson, 2004). If the unemployed are not exposed to this kind of source there is very limited advantage into belonging to such network.The strength of weak ties thesis emphasizes the informational advantages provided by networks (Granovetter, 1973). In particular, it remarks the chances of accessing non-redundant informa tion about employment opportunities. The reason behind this assumption derives by the fact that weak ties help injecting different and unfamiliar pool of information inside primary networks. Furthermore, Ensel (1981) and Villemez (1986) argue that job seekers with advantaged social resources, including networks, tend to obtain better labour market outcomes. Weak ties are considered better resources and facilitate access to unfamiliar information, hence considered to supply better offers.

Awareness of Pharmacist Health Care Systems

Awareness of druggist Health Care SystemsAbstract-The aim of the study was to investigate the awareness of local population of Islamabad neck of the woods regarding the chemists and their supplementary/ single-handed prescribing in a primary health care system, and further to identify the importance and need of pharmacists independent prescribing. besides to prove that the introduction of pharmacists prescribing has the potential to minimize fragmentation within the primary health care system, optimize instruction of medicinal drug, and improve longanimous of care and access to medication. We performed an observational study on uncomplainings who visited the pharmacies for medication, and took their views and suggestions through a calibrated questionnaire to evaluate the importance and need of pharmacist independent prescribing. After the take over from the diligent, complete medical history was noted and Physical Examination were performed to diagnose the disease and need of the patient. Appropriate prescribing and Interventions were done. After one week telephone calls were make to record the response of patients. Majority of population was in the favor of pharmacist independent prescribing.IntroductionFrom the last few decades the health care got a dire change which make it more accessible to the common person. Pharmacist who is an important part of healthcare team, now his roles flummox extended from the traditional job of dispensing medicines and dewy-eyed medication counseling to working with other health-care professionals at patient bed site and in community (Nkansah, Mostovetsky et al. 2010). Pharmacists are among the most easily available health-care providers. They have roles in medication review, health promotion, and disease management, with in-depth distinguishledge of pharmacology, clinical Pharmacotheraputics, and patient care skills that are currently underused. Prescribing is not an easy task it involves significant expertness to apply drug therapy skills, but that is a type of skill that pharmacists can improve. Independent prescribers are responsible for the evaluation of the patients with diagnosed or un-diagnosed disorders, and for decisions rough the clinical management required and drawing up a treatment plan. The independent prescriber also has the authority to prescribe the medicines required as part of the plan. United Kingdom was the tip country which introduced new role i.e., Pharmacist independent Prescriber (Avery and Pringle 2005).In United States 38 states were allowed for Collaborative drug therapy management in 2003, however Florida was pioneered in Independent Pharmacist Prescribing (Tonna, Stewart et al. 2008).Method and MaterialsDesign of this study was based on observational method. A survey was done in order to make findings about independent prescribing of pharmacist in the region of Islamabad. Customers of different pharmacies are being asked questions about prescribing manners in the form of questionnaire. By using this method, full medication history from the patient was available to assess the patient compliance, their understanding of the disease, treatment and related issues.Three Pharmacies of Islamabad Region were selected to accomplish the purposes of this study. Twenty nine patients were randomly selected from these pharmacies who visited the pharmacies with some popular diseases and asked the pharmacist for medication. The selected population of cardinal nine patients was informed and made clear about the objectives and purposes of the research study and a permission was taken from each of the patient involved in this study through the consent form. The Pharmacists at the pharmacies were provided with a case history sheet to take history of the patients so that effective medication with minimum interactions could be provided. The history sheet included patients name, age, sex, chief complaint, history of present illness, the diagnosis made etc. Ea ch of the twenty nine patients visiting the pharmacies was asked about their medication histories and the history sheets were filled to keep the record. After the review of patient history, diagnosis was made and prescription was given to the patient.The therapy outcomes and patient satisfaction was evaluated by telephonic interviews from each of the patient. For this purpose a questionnaire was designed, which contained validated questions to evaluate patient satisfaction with the therapy outcomes and patients were asked for their views and suggestions about independent prescribing by the pharmacist.This questionnaire contained open ended, well-nigh ended and choice questions that helped to assess the need of pharmacist in primary health care system as independent prescriber.Results-The first question which was asked to the patients was whether they know about the pharmacist. This question helped to evaluate how much population of Islamabad region is familiar with pharmacist. 93.1 % of population in this study was knew about pharmacist.Discussion-This study has considered the views of patients about pharmacist independent prescribing. The patients involved in this study were all supportive of pharmacist independent prescribing. Patients were satisfied majorly due to the cost effective medications prescribed by the pharmacist and reduced/minimal hospital visits that contributed to save the fee of physician. As when there is a pharmacist available in a community, the burden on the shoulders of a physician is much reduced, patients do not need to take appointments from the physician, hence, its time saving for the patients to visit the pharmacist for the medication. Some patients suggested for a get around independent setup for the pharmacist. These were the patients who were fully satisfied with the independent prescribing of a pharmacist. Some of the patients suggested that pharmacist has more knowledge about medicines, their interactions, contraindications, ADRs so they can prescribe independently.In this study majority of the patients were satisfied with the therapeutic outcome of the Pharmacist Prescribing. Similar studies was conducted in UK and it was found that the participants highly appreciated the extending scope of lend oneself for pharmacist (Latter, Blenkinsopp et al. 2010). other study, Pharmacists were evaluated for their independent prescribing and it was found that patients were satisfied with the pharmacist knowledge and their prescription (Stewart, MacLure et al. 2011). Recently a survey was conducted regarding patients experience and perception of care provided by the pharmacist independent prescriber, most of the patients were satisfied with the pharmacist prescribing. In comparison with Physician prescribing, most of the patients stated no difference in their practice of care provided (Tinelli, Blenkinsopp et al. 2013).Conclusion- either patients in this study were supportive of pharmacist independent prescribing in primary health care system. There should be an independent setup for the pharmacist to practice diagnosis and prescribe rationalized treatment. Pharmacists are good in general diseases but need practice in broader area of major diseases.

Windows versus Linux Essay examples -- Computer Technology Operating S

Windows vs. LINUX Both Windows and Linux come in many distinct forms. All the different forms of Windows come from Microsoft, the various distributions of Linux come from different companies (ex. Red Hat, SuSE, Linspire, Ubuntu, Mandriva, Knoppix, etc). Windows has two main lines Win9x, which is consists of Windows 95, 98, 98SecondEdition and ME, and NT class which consists of Windows NT, 200 and XP. On a side note, Windows first had version 3.x which was do before Windows 95 by a couple of years. The various types of Linux ar called distributions. All the Linux distributions released around the identical time frame will use the same kernel, which are the guts of the OS. They will differ with the add-on software provided, install process, GUI, documentation, technical support, and price. Linux is a whole lot more customizable in a management that Windows cannot and is not. There are a lot of special purpose versions of Linux as well. If you were going for desktop use, Linux is ease or very cheap, and Windows is expensive. For servers, again, Linux is very cheap compared to Windows. Microsoft solely allows one computer per copy of Windows. On the other hand, once you purchase Linux you can melt it on any number computers at no duplication charge. As of January 2005, Windows XP Professional sold for about $200, and the full version of XP sold for around $300, and Windows Server 2003 with 10 client licenses was about $1,100. You can download Linux for free from each of the Linux vendors. In order to run Windows it has to be installed onto the disenfranchised disk first. Linux can run just from a CD. Normally Linux also runs off of the hard disk, but on that point a quite a few versions of Linux which run entirely from a CD without bei... ...d due to the security and cost concerns. There are virtually no viruses for Linux, while there are millions for Windows. In the end, Microsoft will fight the spread of Linux. When Thailand wanted to u se Linux based computers available throughout the country, Microsoft indeed stepped in and made a deal with the Thai Information, Communication and Technology Ministry. You can buy Windows products along with Windows XP and Office XP already on the computer, ready to run and activated for the very low price of the equivalent to $37. When there is a company who is willing to go through these lengths to keep their competitors down in the gutter, there is no way that a non main-stream product can become successful when they are competing with a company such as Microsoft. In the end I think that you should choose which ever operating system fits your personal needs the best.

Albert the frog :: essays research papers

AlbertAlbert lived in a can. He was a frog that lived in a large coffee can. You may say to yourself, coffee cans are rather minute, but you must know one thing to answer this pondering, Albert is simply a small frog that doesnt need a large home. One day he stopped sleeping and realise that he was In a puddle of water. Albert doesnt like water even though he is a frog. He screamed and yelled a lot. He then woke up and realized it was a dream but there was a cat standing above his can that was about to pounce. With a lightning fast thought, Albert grab level his water jug and hopped as fast as he could into a thicket. Albert did not know what a thicket was or why he jumped into one but he started to laissez passer like a frog, due to him being a frog. On his daily walk towards the little creek were he fills his water jug he apothegm a curious-looking spotted object and concluded that he should hop over to it so he did. Once he got closer he realized it was a 1 foot tall mushroom -shaped cloud. Alberts favorite kind too The ones with orange spots and blue stems. Since Albert did not have time to eat just about flies for breakfast due to the cat trying to kill him, he decided to treat himself to a mushroom pie.Albert did know how to make wonderful mushroom pies. He sat upon a log and started a small little campfire on which to cook the mushroom. He went and grabbed a huge chunk off of the mushroom and plopped it on the on the pan as he nibbled on a smaller chunk. Albert became upset when his mushroom pie melted instead of turning into bread, which mushrooms tend to do this time of year. Albert drank the soupy slime from the pan and was on his way. Due to Albert being tired from all of the excitement he sat atop of a huge bed he found in the forest. When he woke up it was dark out. Albert was very worried due to his need to fill his water jug so he continued looking for the creek. Even though his luck was down Albert was happy due to the fact that his favorit e song was being played by the trees.